Background: High fidelity simulation has been executed to allow the evaluation of technical and non-technical\nskills of health caregivers. Our objective was to assess technical and non-technical performances of low level\nhospitals health caregivers who attended a Neonatal Resuscitation course using high fidelity simulation in a\nstandard-setting scenario.\nMethods: Twenty-three volunteers were asked to manage a simple scenario (infant with secondary apnea) after the\ncourse. Technical and non-technical skills were assessed by using previously published scores. Performances were\nassessed during the scenario and after 2 months by filmed video recordings.\nResults: Sixteen (69.5%) participants failed to pass the minimum required technical score. Staff experience and\nparticipation in previous courses were associated to higher score in technical and non-technical skills, while\nworking in level I or II hospitals did not affect the scores. Previous experience in neonatal resuscitation requiring\npositive pressure ventilation was associated to better non-technical performance. Technical and non-technical\nscores were significantly correlated (r = 0.67, p = 0.0005). Delayed and direct evaluation of technical skills provided\nthe same scores.\nConclusions: A neonatal resuscitation course, performed by using a high fidelity simulation manikin, had a limited\nimpact on technical and non-technical skills of participants working in low level hospitals. Training programs should\nbe tailored to the participants� professional background and to the more relevant sessions.
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